Evolution Korea
The democratic system in South Korea is susceptible to populist impulses. It's still better than was expected.
The country is searching for an entirely new model of development. A Confucian culture that emphasizes respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relations continues to influence the way we live. There are indications of a secularist cultural trend emerging.
Origins
In the prehistoric era the ancestors of the modern Koreans survived by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock and created furs. They also established tribal states in succession in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also established a metalworking industry, producing bronze tools and later iron ones. They traded with other countries and introduced block printing to Japan, as well as art styles, a written language, and paper making.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. The state adopted Buddhism and adopted Chinese culture including Confucian philosophy. In this period the people of Buyeo were incorporated into Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a hierarchical society in which a monarch and senior officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy, while the majority of the population were peasants. The state extracted taxes from these citizens, and often required them to serve in the army or participate in projects for the government like building fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong who was the founder of Goguryeo established the state of Baekje at the end of the time. The new kingdom grew its territory into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the region. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian thought into its state beliefs and made the male centered concept of filiopiety as a law in 1390 CE. Under the guise filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They had to be obedient to everyone and respected by their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, a nation that was ruled from 918 to 1392 CE, gave the world the Hangul Alphabet, based on the patterns created by the mouth when pronouncing. This dramatically improved communication between people, and resulted in an explosion of the writing of Buddhist texts. In addition, movable metal type printing was introduced, and woodblock printing was improved. It was during this time that the Samguk sagi or 'History of the Three Kingdoms' first appeared in 1145 CE.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times until. Early evidence of human settlements can be found in the form of graves that were lined with stone, with precious objects like amazonite jewelry that were buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, and made from single large stones are prevalent throughout the country.
In the first part of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognized political state. The peninsula was ruled by several states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCbetween 635 and 57 BC CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. The northern portion of the peninsula was for a while occupied by the Balhae Kingdom which historians do not consider to be a genuine Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje is the most powerful of these states was diminished by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern territories in Manchuria, and its western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy, prospered for a short period of time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to collaborate to expand their territories. Silla with the aid of the Chinese, eventually conquered and unified the peninsula in 935.
As Korea enters the post-crisis period its development model is in flux. The people who are affronted by the huge cost of the old system would prefer the need for a comprehensive program of liberalization of capital as well as labor markets. On the other hand champions of the old system seek to preserve it by leveraging nationalist sentiments and inflating fears about job losses.
The academic and policy analysts remain in a tense debate about the extent to the extent that these two trends are driving Koreas evolution towards a new model of economic governance. This article focuses on the five phases of Korea's development in terms of its political development that include democratic democracies that are not liberal (1945-60), democratic autoritarianism (1961-72) authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-1877), democratic paternalism (2001-2002) and participatory democracy (2002). This article also highlights significant factors that may influence these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. Creationists have had success in promoting their views to this population. A survey in 2009 revealed that nearly one third of respondents do not believe in the theory of evolution. Of those, 41% claimed that there was not enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% claimed that the theory contradicted their religion and 17% claimed it was difficult to comprehend. This level of disbelief is similar to the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from earlier species of life.
In the past, the majority of the anti-evolutionist movement in Korea was focused on educating college students and in bringing them to Christ. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the keynote speakers. This event drew an audience of professors, scientists, and church leaders.
The event's success led to the creation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31st, 1980. The event was widely covered in the national press, including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR started publishing a newsletter titled CREATION. In CREATION, the organization presented its own work and published articles on the scientific evidence for the existence of God. It also translated a number of films and slides from ICR, as well as some books on the subject that were already in print outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures in churches and universities throughout the country.
One example of one KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. There, students were so interested in creationism that they raised enough money and support to put up a small museum on campus featuring creationist fossil models and other exhibits.
In addition to its work, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine called CREATION. The magazine covers subjects in the creation science. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. just click the following document has also organized a network of local branches, which hold seminars and provide talks to schoolchildren and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the late 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional hanbok, or Korean dress, gave way to miniskirts and other style elements imported from overseas. Similarly, traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary rock and roll and jazz. At this time the samulnori, or masked dance dramas, were popular with the general public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the accompaniment of shaman drums as well as various types of musical instruments.
The economic crisis has shaped Korea's new paradigm of development. The main challenge for the new regime is to find a balance between market-oriented and state-led economic policies. It also involves changing the incentives and monitoring policies that been a part of the system prior to the crisis. These issues are examined in Chapters 3 and 4.
Founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established in the middle of the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other areas and people from northern China. Baekje was an important regional power in the 4th century, expanded its territory to Mahan in north and Jeollanam-do south. In the process, it entered into frequent battle with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border.
The fall of Silla in the late 8th and early 9th centuries enabled powerful local factions to rise. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as its capital. He ruled a portion of today's Jeolla province as well as Chungcheong. Later, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. Wang Geon, a powerful local leader who defeated Gungye in 935 and united Goryeo, Baekje, and Silla Later, he incorporated Baekje into Goryeo peacefully as a successor. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the central government system. This was the end of the Three Kingdoms Period. The Korean peninsula was then controlled by the Goryeo Dynasty. In the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly developed into powerful states on the peninsula and in Manchuria.